Subsidiarity and Solidarity in Rerum Novarum

13…If the citizens, if the families on entering into association and fellowship [in civil society or government], were to experience hindrance in a commonwealth instead of help, and were to find their rights attacked instead of being upheld, society would rightly be an object of detestation rather than of desire.
14. The contention, then, that the civil government should at its option intrude into and exercise intimate control over the family and the household is a great and pernicious error. True, if a family finds itself in exceeding distress, utterly deprived of the counsel of friends, and without any prospect of extricating itself, it is right that extreme necessity be met by public aid, since each family is a part of the commonwealth…”

Pope Leo XIII – Rerum Novarum (1891)


On the Feast of St. Matthew: Augustine on the Gospels

As Jesus passed by,
he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the customs post.
He said to him, “Follow me.”
And he got up and followed him.
While he was at table in his house,
many tax collectors and sinners came
and sat with Jesus and his disciples.
The Pharisees saw this and said to his disciples,
“Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?”
He heard this and said,
“Those who are well do not need a physician, but the sick do.
Go and learn the meaning of the words,
I desire mercy, not sacrifice.
I did not come to call the righteous but sinners.”
Mt 9:9-13

Matthew himself demonstrates the essence of the gospel, as Pope Benedict XVI expressed it, “by humbly acknowledging their sins and accepting God’s mercy, even those who seem farthest from holiness can become first in the Kingdom of Heaven.”

Augustine reflects on the authority of the Gospels (emphasis mine):

“He who sent the prophets before His own descent also despatched the apostles after His ascension. Moreover, in virtue of the man assumed by Him, He stands to all His disciples in the relation of the head to the members of His body. Therefore, when those disciples have written matters which He declared and spake to them, it ought not by any means to be said that He has written nothing Himself; since the truth is, that His members have accomplished only what they became acquainted with by the repeated statements of the Head. For all that He was minded to give for our perusal on the subject of His own doings and sayings, He commanded to be written by those disciples, whom He thus used as if they were His own hands. Whoever apprehends this correspondence of unity and this concordant service of the members, all in harmony in the discharge of diverse offices under the Head, will receive the account which he gets in the Gospel through the narratives constructed by the disciples, in the same kind of spirit in which he might look upon the actual hand of the Lord Himself, which He bore in that body which was made His own, were he to see it engaged in the act of writing.”
St. Augustine: The Harmony of the Gospels Chapter XXXV

Augustine was no stranger to the perils of translation, and had to offer reconsiderations (in his Retractationes, which are not “retractions,” ironically, despite the translation issue) in some cases where he based opinion on faulty translations of scripture or forced an analogy. What was important to Augustine, however, was sharing what the Holy Spirit revealed to him about the scriptures as he understood them after considering the available translations.

Augustine’s attitude towards the good news was perhaps as ours should be, and as Matthew’s certainly was:

“For him, the Bible was a treasure to be shared, which he always did generously. Scarcely has he understood a text than he burned with the desire to share his discovery with those around him.”
(From augnet commentary)

Share the good news!


Fr. Nouwen and Rembrandt’s ‘The Return of the Prodigal Son’

My mom sent me a copy of Nouwen’s The Return of the Prodigal Son: A Story of Homecoming, in which he reflects upon Rembrandt’s masterpiece

Rembrandt's The Return of the Prodigal Son

and the parable (Luke 15: 11-32).

I heartily recommend it.

A friend and I happened to be discussing, as C.S. Lewis put it, The Problem of Pain as a serious objection to the Christian religion this past weekend.

Nouwen addresses theodicy from the perspective of the father:

Oh, how much would he have liked to talk to them, to warn them against the many dangers they were facing, and to convince them that at home can be found everything that they search for elsewhere. How much would he have liked to pull them back with his fatherly authority and hold them close to himself so that they would not get hurt.

But his love is too great to do any of that. It cannot force, constrain, push, or pull. It offers the freedom to reject that love or to love in return. It is precisely the immensity of that divine love that is the source of the divine suffering. God, creator of heaven and earth, has chosen to be, first and foremost, a Father.

As Father, he wants his children to be free, free to love. That freedom includes the possibility of their leaving home, going to a “distant country,” and losing everything. The Father’s heart knows all the pain that will come from that choice, but his love makes him powerless to prevent it. As Father, he desires that those who stay at home enjoy his presence and experience his affection. But here again, he wants only to offer a love that can be freely received. He suffers beyond telling when his children honor him only with lip service, while their hearts are far from him. He knows their “deceitful tongues” and “disloyal hearts,” but he cannot make them love him without losing his true fatherhood.

As Father, the only true authority he claims for himself is the authority of compassion. That authority comes from letting the sins of his children pierce his heart. There is no lust, greed, anger, resentment, jealousy, or vengeance in his lost children that has not caused immense grief to his heart. The grief is so deep because the heart is so pure. From the deep inner place where love embraces all human grief, the Father reaches out to his children. The touch of his hands, radiating inner light, seeks only to heal.

Here is the God I want to believe in: a Father who, from the beginning of creation, has stretched out his arms in merciful blessing, never forcing himself on anyone, but always waiting; never letting his arms drop down in despair, but always hoping that his children will return so that he can speak words of love to them and let his tired arms rest on their shoulders. His only desire is to bless.

Fr. Henri J.M. Nouwen – The Return of the Prodigal Son: A Story of Homecoming

May we learn to allow him to bless us.


Soo… New Deacons, are you ready to sing the Exsultet this Easter?

The Praeconium, or commonly, the Exsultet, is that hymn of praise sung before the Paschal candle. In it we give praise and thanks to God for the work of salvation throughout history. In many parishes it is sung by a lector, but is most properly sung by the Deacon. Here are some handy resources if you feel called to take up the task, or if you simply are called to do so by your pastor!

Father Moleski has a collection of references at http://moleski.net/exultet/index.htm

The Exsultet In English
http://www.icelweb.org/musicfolder/openpdf.php?file=ExsultetLong.pdf
http://www.npm.org/Chants/assets/icel/exsultet.pdf”
From npm.org – [podcast]http://www.npm.org/Chants/assets/exsultet.mp3[/podcast]
From musicasacra.com – [podcast]http://musicasacra.com/media/exsultet.mp3[/podcast]

El Pregón Pascual En Español
http://www.musicaliturgica.com/textoscantados/downloads/pregonpascual.pdf
From musicaliturgia.com – [podcast]http://www.musicaliturgica.com/textoscantados/downloads/pregonpascualmp3.mp3[/podcast]

An alternate editing for Ordained vs Non-Ordained Cantors
http://cantateop.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Pregon-Pascual-Ordained.pdf
http://cantateop.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Pregon-Pascual-Nonordained.pdf


Cardinal Deacon Ercole Consalvi and Ecclesiadicy

Deacon LeRoy frequently points out the ecclesiadicy of the Church as evidence of her divine authorship. Another Leroy, Dr. Leroy Huizenga, presents an article on exactly this topic in today’s On The Square over at First Things.

One of the things I don’t recall Deacon LeRoy mentioning is the attribution of the statement to Napoleon by Cardinal Ercole Consalvi that “If in 1800 years we clergy have failed to destroy the church, do you really think that you’ll be able to do it?” A commenter on the article brought the good Cardinal Consalvi to my attention. What an extraordinary individual! What an extraordinary Cardinal Deacon, even!